Publications

@article{https://doi.org/10.1002/cnma.202300566,

title = {Colloidal Plasmonic Metasurfaces for the Enhancement of Non-Linear Optical Processes and Molecular Spectroscopies},

author = {Ylli Conti and Naihao Chiang and Leonardo Scarabelli},

url = {https://aces.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cnma.202300566},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/cnma.202300566},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {ChemNanoMat},

volume = {10},

number = {4},

pages = {e202300566},

abstract = {Abstract Colloidal metasurfaces are emerging as promising candidates for the development of functional chemical metamaterials, combining the undisputed control over crystallography and surface chemistry achieved by synthetic nanochemistry with the scalability and versatility of colloidal self-assembly strategies. In light of recent reports of colloidal plasmonic materials displaying high-performing optical cavities, this Minireview discusses the use of this type of metamaterials in the specific context of non-linear optical phenomena and non-linear molecular spectroscopies. Our attention is focused on the opportunities and advantages that colloidal nanoparticles and self-assembled plasmonic metasurfaces can bring to the table compared to more traditional nanofabrication strategies. Specifically, we believe that future work in this direction will express the full potential of non-linear molecular spectroscopies to explore the chemical space, with a deeper understanding of plasmon-molecule dynamics, plasmon-mediated processes, and surface-enhanced chemistry.},

note = {Corresponding author},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202300983,

title = {Colloidal Silver Nanoparticle Plasmonic Arrays for Versatile Lasing Architectures via Template-Assisted Self-Assembly},

author = {Ylli Conti and Nicolas Passarelli and Jose Mendoza-Carreño and Leonardo Scarabelli and Agustin Mihi},

url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/adom.202300983},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202300983},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Advanced Optical Materials},

volume = {11},

number = {23},

pages = {2300983},

abstract = {Abstract The characteristic narrow spectral features of surface lattice resonances emerge as great candidates for the rational design of optical nanocavities targeting enhanced light-matter interaction, ultrasensitive detection, or efficient light-energy conversion. Traditional fabrication of metal arrays involves thermal evaporation and annealing steps, limiting scalability and adaptability. In contrast, template-assisted self-assembly provides a high-throughput all-around approach for implementing colloidal plasmonic metasurfaces on a variety of different materials. Here, the use of pre-synthesized silver nanoparticles is designed and tested for the construction of versatile lasing architectures. Plasmonic arrays are prepared directly on top of the gain media (a photoresist thin film doped with Rhodamine B), creating optical nanocavities with quality factors as high as 85. The proposed architecture circumvents the need for an index-matching superstrate to promote the generation of collective resonances, leaving the plasmonic surface accessible for post-assembly modification. Additionally, the angular dispersion of the metasurfaces is used to modify the angle of the lasing emission, achieving both normal and off-normal lasing upon modification of the lattice parameter of the array. The results demonstrate how state-of-the-art colloidal self-assembly techniques offer a scalable and versatile alternative for the fabrication of plasmonic and photonic devices targeting advanced and non-linear optical phenomena.},

note = {Corresponding author},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00914,

title = {Direct Bottom-Up In Situ Growth: A Paradigm Shift for Studies in Wet-Chemical Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles},

author = {Gail A. Vinnacombe-Willson and Ylli Conti and Andrei Stefancu and Paul S. Weiss and Emiliano Cortés and Leonardo Scarabelli},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00914},

doi = {10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00914},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Chemical Reviews},

volume = {123},

number = {13},

pages = {8488-8529},

abstract = {Plasmonic gold nanoparticles have been used increasingly in solid-state systems because of their applicability in fabricating novel sensors, heterogeneous catalysts, metamaterials, and thermoplasmonic substrates. While bottom-up colloidal syntheses take advantage of the chemical environment to control size, shape, composition, surface chemistry, and crystallography of the nanostructures precisely, it can be challenging to assemble nanoparticles rationally from suspension onto solid supports or within devices. In this Review, we discuss a powerful recent synthetic methodology, bottom-up in situ substrate growth, which circumvents time-consuming batch presynthesis, ligand exchange, and self-assembly steps by applying wet-chemical synthesis to form morphologically controlled nanostructures on supporting materials. First, we briefly introduce the properties of plasmonic nanostructures. Then we comprehensively summarize recent work that adds to the synthetic understanding of in situ geometrical and spatial control (patterning). Next, we briefly discuss applications of plasmonic hybrid materials prepared by in situ growth. Overall, despite the vast potential advantages of in situ growth, the mechanistic understanding of these methodologies remains far from established, providing opportunities and challenges for future research.},

note = {PMID: 37279171

Corresponding author},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{doi:10.1021/acsanm.3c00440,

title = {Exploring the Bottom-Up Growth of Anisotropic Gold Nanoparticles from Substrate-Bound Seeds in Microfluidic Reactors},

author = {Gail A. Vinnacombe-Willson and Joy K. Lee and Naihao Chiang and Leonardo Scarabelli and Shouzheng Yue and Ruth Foley and Isaura Frost and Paul S. Weiss and Steven J. Jonas},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.3c00440},

doi = {10.1021/acsanm.3c00440},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {ACS Applied Nano Materials},

volume = {6},

number = {8},

pages = {6454-6460},

abstract = {We developed an unconventional seed-mediated in situ synthetic method, whereby gold nanostars are formed directly on the internal walls of microfluidic reactors. The dense plasmonic substrate coatings were grown in microfluidic channels with different geometries to elucidate the impacts of flow rate and profile on reagent consumption, product morphology, and density. Nanostar growth was found to occur in the flow-limited regime and our results highlight the possibility of creating shape gradients or incorporating multiple morphologies in the same microreactor, which is challenging to achieve with traditional self-assembly. The plasmonic–microfluidic platforms developed herein have implications for a broad range of applications, including cell culture/sorting, catalysis, sensing, and drug/gene delivery.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00033,

title = {Plate-Like Colloidal Metal Nanoparticles},

author = {Leonardo Scarabelli and Muhua Sun and Xiaolu Zhuo and Sungjae Yoo and Jill E. Millstone and Matthew R. Jones and Luis M. Liz-Marzán},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00033},

doi = {10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00033},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Chemical Reviews},

volume = {123},

number = {7},

pages = {3493-3542},

abstract = {The pseudo-two-dimensional (2D) morphology of plate-like metal nanoparticles makes them one of the most anisotropic, mechanistically understood, and tunable structures available. Although well-known for their superior plasmonic properties, recent progress in the 2D growth of various other materials has led to an increasingly diverse family of plate-like metal nanoparticles, giving rise to numerous appealing properties and applications. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the solution-phase growth of colloidal plate-like metal nanoparticles, including plasmonic and other metals, with an emphasis on mechanistic insights for different synthetic strategies, the crystallographic habits of different metals, and the use of nanoplates as scaffolds for the synthesis of other derivative structures. We additionally highlight representative self-assembly techniques and provide a brief overview on the attractive properties and unique versatility benefiting from the 2D morphology. Finally, we share our opinions on the existing challenges and future perspectives for plate-like metal nanomaterials.},

note = {PMID: 36948214

Corresponding author},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202217614,

title = {Towards Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy Exploration of Plasmonic-Mediated Phenomena at the Single-Nanoparticle Level},

author = {Leonardo Scarabelli},

url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/anie.202217614},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202217614},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Angewandte Chemie International Edition},

volume = {62},

number = {13},

pages = {e202217614},

abstract = {Abstract The rational design of functional plasmonic metasurfaces and metamaterials requires the development of high-throughput characterization techniques compatible with operando conditions and capable of addressing single-nanostructures. In their work, Wei et al. demonstrate the use of electrochemiluminescence microscopy to investigate the mechanism behind plasmon-enhanced luminescence induced by gold nanostructures. The use of gold plasmonic arrays was exploited to achieve the rapid spectroscopic evaluation of all the individual nanostructures, and the correlation of the results with high- resolution electron microscopy analysis, guaranteeing a strict one-to-one correspondence. The authors were able to identify two different mechanisms for the enhancement of [Ru(bpy)3]2+-tri-n-propylamine electrochemiluminescence mediated by single gold nanoparticles and by small plasmonic clusters. In the future, the proposed characterization could be used for the rapid and in situ spectroscopic analysis of more complex plasmonic nanostructures and metasurfaces.},

note = {Corresponding author},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{D2TC01148D,

title = {Pre- and post-assembly modifications of colloidal plasmonic arrays: the effect of size distribution, composition and annealing},

author = {Oriol Colomer-Ferrer and Serni Toda Cosi and Ylli Conti and David E. Medina-Quiroz and Leonardo Scarabelli and Agustin Mihi},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D2TC01148D},

doi = {10.1039/D2TC01148D},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {J. Mater. Chem. C},

volume = {10},

issue = {37},

pages = {13913-13921},

publisher = {The Royal Society of Chemistry},

abstract = {Templated self-assembly has emerged as one of the most versatile approaches for the fabrication of plasmonic ordered arrays composed of colloidal nanoparticle clusters, representing a valid alternative to top-down lithography for the scalable and low-cost production of this type of plasmonic substrates. Templated self-assembly can be applied to a variety of materials, solvents, and colloidal size, shape, and composition. A higher degree of control over the preparation of the colloids and their assembly would enable the rational modification of the internal composition and architecture of the repeating units of the array, targeting specific properties and applications. In this work, we explored both pre- and post-assembly modifications of the plasmonic system, analyzing their effect on the resulting collective optical properties. Combining both gold nanoparticles of different sizes and mixtures of gold and silver colloids, we demonstrated the possibility of leveraging near- and far-field coupling to control the optical losses of the system. Moreover, we explored the application of a thermal annealing step to induce the sintering of the colloidal building blocks within the plasmonic clusters. At lower temperatures (300 °C), the resulting single plasmonic objects are characterized by an inhomogeneous elemental distribution, while atomic migration and formation of alloys is triggered at higher temperatures (450 °C). By systematically analyzing the effect of the annealing we show an improvement in lattice plasmonic resonance quality factor of a gold nanoparticle array by 20%, without compromising its characteristic chemical and physical stability. Collectively, our results establish intriguing directions for the preparation of plasmonic arrays where the repeating unit can be engineered either before or after the assembly targeting specific catalytic, optical or magnetic properties.},

note = {Corresponding author},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202102635,

title = {Robust Encapsulation of Biocompatible Gold Nanosphere Assemblies for Bioimaging via Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering},

author = {Marius Schumacher and Dorleta Jimenez de Aberasturi and Jan-Philip Merkl and Leonardo Scarabelli and Elisa Lenzi and Malou Henriksen-Lacey and Luis M. Liz-Marzán and Horst Weller},

url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/adom.202102635},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202102635},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Advanced Optical Materials},

volume = {10},

number = {14},

pages = {2102635},

abstract = {Abstract Controlled assembly of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into clusters is a promising avenue for the development of sensitive bioimaging and diagnostic tools based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). However, several challenges, such as biocompatibility or colloidal and structural stability in biological environments, remain before AuNPs can be used as a tool for in vivo bioimaging. A versatile strategy for the preparation of colloidally stable and biocompatible AuNP clusters (AuNPCs) is introduced with high SERS signals, which are used as SERS contrast bioimaging agents (SERS tags). By tuning the ligand ratio of Raman reporter molecules to stabilizing polymer on the surface of each AuNP, aggregation can be carefully controlled. The resulting AuNPCs exhibit redshifted surface plasmon resonances in the near-infrared (NIR) region, as well as distinct electromagnetic hotspots that give rise to SERS analytical enhancement factors above 104, compared to non-clustered spherical AuNPs. Thanks to the protective polymer shell, high levels of cellular uptake with low cytotoxicity are observed, allowing 3D SERS mapping of cells with sufficiently high spatial resolution to detect AuNPCs within intracellular organelles.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202205330,

title = {Surface Lattice Plasmon Resonances by Direct In Situ Substrate Growth of Gold Nanoparticles in Ordered Arrays},

author = {Gail A. Vinnacombe-Willson and Ylli Conti and Steven J. Jonas and Paul S. Weiss and Agustín Mihi and Leonardo Scarabelli},

url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/adma.202205330},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202205330},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Advanced Materials},

volume = {34},

number = {37},

pages = {2205330},

abstract = {Abstract Precise arrangements of plasmonic nanoparticles on substrates are important for designing optoelectronics, sensors and metamaterials with rational electronic, optical and magnetic properties. Bottom-up synthesis offers unmatched control over morphology and optical response of individual plasmonic building blocks. Usually, the incorporation of nanoparticles made by bottom-up wet chemistry starts from batch synthesis of colloids, which requires time-consuming and hard-to-scale steps like ligand exchange and self-assembly. Herein, an unconventional bottom-up wet-chemical synthetic approach for producing gold nanoparticle ordered arrays is developed. Water-processable hydroxypropyl cellulose stencils facilitate the patterning of a reductant chemical ink on which nanoparticle growth selectively occurs. Arrays exhibiting lattice plasmon resonances in the visible region and near infrared (quality factors of >20) are produced following a rapid synthetic step (<10 min), all without cleanroom fabrication, specialized equipment, or self-assembly, constituting a major step forward in establishing in situ growth approaches. Further, the technical capabilities of this method through modulation of the particle size, shape, and array spacings directly on the substrate are demonstrated. Ultimately, establishing a fundamental understanding of in situ growth has the potential to inform the fabrication of plasmonic materials; opening the door for in situ growth fabrication of waveguides, lasing platforms, and plasmonic sensors.},

note = {Corresponding author},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{doi:10.1021/accountsmr.1c00106,

title = {Templated Colloidal Self-Assembly for Lattice Plasmon Engineering},

author = {Leonardo Scarabelli and David Vila-Liarte and Agustín Mihi and Luis M. Liz-Marzán},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/accountsmr.1c00106},

doi = {10.1021/accountsmr.1c00106},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

urldate = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Accounts of Materials Research},

volume = {2},

number = {9},

pages = {816-827},

abstract = {ConspectusOver the past 30 years, the engineering of plasmonic resonances at the nanoscale has progressed dramatically, with important contributions in a variety of different fields, including chemistry, physics, biology, engineering, and medicine. However, heavy optical losses related to the use of noble metals for the fabrication of plasmonic structures hindered their application in various settings. Recently, an answer to these long-lasting issues emerged in the use of lattice plasmon resonances (LPRs, also called surface lattice resonances), bringing new excitement in the field of plasmonics. Specifically, the organization of plasmonic nanoparticles into ordered arrays enables far-field coupling of the scattered light exploiting the diffraction modes of the array, generating plasmonic resonances with bandwidths as narrow as a few nanometers, corresponding to an increase of over 10-fold in the quality factors compared to localized plasmon resonances. As such, LPRs offer new opportunities to harness light–matter interactions at the nanoscale, while generating renewed interest in the self-assembly of colloidal metal nanoparticles, as a scalable approach to the preparation of such plasmonic arrays. Templated self-assembly emerged as one of the most versatile approaches, being compatible with soft-lithographic techniques such as nanoimprint lithography and amenable to a variety of materials, colloids, and solvents. Templated self-assembly additionally allows the preparation of arrays where the repeating units are composed of multiple self-assembled nanoparticles (i.e., plasmonic clusters). In this system, near-field coupling can be finely tuned, thereby showing promising results in biosensing, catalysis, or plasmonic heating. In this Account, we review the preparation of ordered arrays of clusters of plasmonic nanoparticles. We present various aspects involved in the templated self-assembly of colloidal nanoparticles, with the aim of achieving at the same time close-packed structures within each cavity of the template, and uniform deposition over a large area. We then analyze the optical properties of the prepared substrates. The preparation of hierarchical structures and the possibility of tuning both the internal structure of the cluster and their organization into arrays with different lattice parameters enable control over both near-field and far-field plasmonic coupling. This unique feature of such substrates makes it possible to exploit the interplay between these two types of coupling, for the preparation of versatile functional substrates, expanding the possibilities for the integration of plasmonic arrays into functional devices for various applications. A well-established example is their use for surface-enhanced Raman scattering. On the other hand, optimization of far-field coupling provides access to plasmonic cavities for lasing or refractive index sensing. Despite two decades of fervid scientific research, the preparation and engineering of plasmonic arrays remains a relevant topic, and many directions remain largely unexplored. We conclude with a collection of perspectives and challenges that we find particularly stimulating toward future developments of the field.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202100761,

title = {Engineering Plasmonic Colloidal Meta-Molecules for Tunable Photonic Supercrystals},

author = {Pau Molet and Nicolás Passarelli and Luis A. Pérez and Leonardo Scarabelli and Agustín Mihi},

url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/adom.202100761},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202100761},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

urldate = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Advanced Optical Materials},

volume = {9},

number = {20},

pages = {2100761},

abstract = {Abstract Ordered arrays of metal nanoparticles offer new opportunities to engineer light–matter interactions through the hybridization of Rayleigh anomalies and localized surface plasmons. The generated surface lattice resonances exhibit much higher quality factors compared to those observed in isolated metal nanostructures. Template-induced colloidal self-assembly has already shown a great potential for the scalable fabrication of 2D plasmonic meta-molecule arrays, but the experimental challenge of controlling optical losses within the repeating units has so far prevented this approach to compete with more standard fabrication methods in the production of high-quality factor resonances. In this manuscript, the optical properties of plasmonic arrays are investigated by varying the lattice parameter (between 200 and 600 nm) as well as the diameter of the gold colloidal building-blocks (between 11 ± 1 and 98 ± 6 nm). It is systematically studied how the internal architecture of the repeating gold-nanoparticle meta-molecules influences the optical response of the plasmonic supercrystals. Combining both experimental measurements and simulations, it is demonstrated how, reducing the size of the gold nanoparticles it is possible to switch from strong near-field plasmonic architectures to high-quality factors (>60) for lattice plasmon resonances located in the visible spectral range.},

note = {Corresponding author},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.0c00535,

title = {Large-Scale Soft-Lithographic Patterning of Plasmonic Nanoparticles},

author = {Naihao Chiang and Leonardo Scarabelli and Gail A. Vinnacombe-Willson and Luis A. Pérez and Camilla Dore and Agustín Mihi and Steven J. Jonas and Paul S. Weiss},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.0c00535},

doi = {10.1021/acsmaterialslett.0c00535},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

urldate = {2021-01-01},

journal = {ACS Materials Letters},

volume = {3},

number = {3},

pages = {282-289},

abstract = {Micro- and nanoscale patterned monolayers of plasmonic nanoparticles were fabricated by combining concepts from colloidal chemistry, self-assembly, and subtractive soft lithography. Leveraging chemical interactions between the capping ligands of pre-synthesized gold colloids and a polydimethylsiloxane stamp, we demonstrated patterning gold nanoparticles over centimeter-scale areas with a variety of micro- and nanoscale geometries, including islands, lines, and chiral structures (e.g., square spirals). By successfully achieving nanoscale manipulation over a wide range of substrates and patterns, we established a powerful and straightforward strategy, nanoparticle chemical lift-off lithography (NP-CLL), for the economical and scalable fabrication of functional plasmonic materials with colloidal nanoparticles as building blocks, offering a transformative solution for designing next-generation plasmonic technologies.},

note = {Corresponding author},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c01150,

title = {Seeded-Growth Experiment Demonstrating Size- and Shape-Dependence on Gold Nanoparticle–Light Interactions},

author = {Gail A. Vinnacombe-Willson and Naihao Chiang and Paul S. Weiss and Sarah H. Tolbert and Leonardo Scarabelli},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c01150},

doi = {10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c01150},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

urldate = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Chemical Education},

volume = {98},

number = {2},

pages = {546-552},

abstract = {Gold nanoparticles are exciting materials in nanotechnology and nanoscience research and are being applied across a wide range of fields including imaging, chemical sensing, energy storage, and cancer therapies. In this experiment, students will synthesize two sizes of gold nanospheres (∼20 and ∼100 nm) and will create gold nanostars utilizing a seed-mediated growth synthetic approach. Students will compare how each sample interacts differently with light (absorption and scattering) based on the nanoparticles’ size and shape. This experiment is ideal for high school and early undergraduate students since all reagents are nontoxic and affordable, and no special characterization equipment is required.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{doi:10.1021/acsnano.1c10538b,

title = {An Extended Protocol for the Synthesis of Monodisperse Gold Nanotriangles},

author = {Leonardo Scarabelli and Luis M. Liz-Marzán},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c10538},

doi = {10.1021/acsnano.1c10538},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

urldate = {2021-01-01},

journal = {ACS Nano},

volume = {15},

number = {12},

pages = {18600-18607},

abstract = {Anisotropic plasmonic nanoparticles have found applications in a wide range of scientific and technological fields, including medicine, energy storage and production, ultrasensitive sensing, catalysis, and photonics. These colloids owe their all-around success in such different scenarios to the development of rapid, scalable, and rational synthetic schemes. Gold nanotriangles (AuNTs), geometrically termed truncated triangular bipyramids, have attracted the attention of the scientific community because of their combination of well-defined crystallography, anisotropic plasmon spatial distribution, sharp tips that favor the generation of high electric fields, atomically flat surfaces, and a wide spectral tunability within the visible and infrared ranges combined with narrow bandwidths of their plasmon resonances. In this context, we previously reported a procedure for the production of AuNTs, based on a seed-mediated approach that guarantees batch-to-batch reproducibility in both size (within 5 nm in edge-length) and extinction spectra (down to 1 nm precision). The protocol involves numerous synthetic steps, and reproducibility requires awareness and familiarity with several details, which are usually learned through practice and repetition and may not always be intuitive on the basis of standard experimental protocols. We provide herein an enhanced protocol with full details and demonstration videos, which we expect will further foster the utilization of this fascinating type of anisotropic nanomaterials by researchers who are less experienced in the preparation and handling of gold colloids.},

note = {PMID: 34866398

Corresponding author},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04667,

title = {Can Copper Nanostructures Sustain High-Quality Plasmons?},

author = {Vahagn Mkhitaryan and Katia March and Eric Nestor Tseng and Xiaoyan Li and Leonardo Scarabelli and Luis M. Liz-Marzán and Shih-Yun Chen and Luiz H. G. Tizei and Odile Stéphan and Jenn-Ming Song and Mathieu Kociak and F. Javier García de Abajo and Alexandre Gloter},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04667},

doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04667},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

urldate = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Nano Letters},

volume = {21},

number = {6},

pages = {2444-2452},

abstract = {Silver, king among plasmonic materials, features low inelastic absorption in the visible-infrared (vis-IR) spectral region compared to other metals. In contrast, copper is commonly regarded as too lossy for actual applications. Here, we demonstrate vis-IR plasmons with quality factors >60 in long copper nanowires (NWs), as determined by electron energy-loss spectroscopy. We explain this result by noticing that most of the electromagnetic energy in these plasmons lies outside the metal, thus becoming less sensitive to inelastic absorption. Measurements for silver and copper NWs of different diameters allow us to elucidate the relative importance of radiative and nonradiative losses in plasmons spanning a wide spectral range down to <20 meV. Thermal population of such low-energy modes becomes significant and generates electron energy gains associated with plasmon absorption, rendering an experimental determination of the NW temperature. Copper is therefore emerging as an attractive, cheap, abundant material platform for high-quality plasmonics in elongated nanostructures.},

note = {PMID: 33651617},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{doi:10.1021/acscentsci.0c01097,

title = {In Situ Shape Control of Thermoplasmonic Gold Nanostars on Oxide Substrates for Hyperthermia-Mediated Cell Detachment},

author = {Gail A. Vinnacombe-Willson and Naihao Chiang and Leonardo Scarabelli and Yuan Hu and Liv K. Heidenreich and Xi Li and Yao Gong and Derek T. Inouye and Timothy S. Fisher and Paul S. Weiss and Steven J. Jonas},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.0c01097},

doi = {10.1021/acscentsci.0c01097},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

urldate = {2020-01-01},

journal = {ACS Central Science},

volume = {6},

number = {11},

pages = {2105-2116},

abstract = {Gold nanostars (AuNSTs) are biocompatible, have large surface areas, and are characterized by high near-infrared extinction, making them ideal for integration with technologies targeting biological applications. We have developed a robust and simple microfluidic method for the direct growth of anisotropic AuNSTs on oxide substrates including indium tin oxide and glass. The synthesis was optimized to yield AuNSTs with high anisotropy, branching, uniformity, and density in batch and microfluidic systems for optimal light-to-heat conversion upon laser irradiation. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectra and mesoscale temperature measurements were combined with spatially correlated scanning electron microscopy to monitor nanostar and ligand stability and microbubble formation at different laser fluences. The capability of the platform for generating controlled localized heating was used to explore hyperthermia-assisted detachment of adherent glioblastoma cells (U87-GFP) grafted to the capillary walls. Both flow and laser fluence can be tuned to induce different biological responses, such as ablation, cell deformation, release of intracellular components, and the removal of intact cells. Ultimately, this platform has potential applications in biological and chemical sensing, hyperthermia-mediated drug delivery, and microfluidic soft-release of grafted cells with single-cell specificity.},

note = {PMID: 33274287

Corresponding author},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04659,

title = {Tailored Nanoscale Plasmon-Enhanced Vibrational Electron Spectroscopy},

author = {Luiz H. G. Tizei and Vahagn Mkhitaryan and Hugo Lourenço-Martins and Leonardo Scarabelli and Kenji Watanabe and Takashi Taniguchi and Marcel Tencé and Jean-Denis Blazit and Xiaoyan Li and Alexandre Gloter and Alberto Zobelli and Franz-Philipp Schmidt and Luis M. Liz-Marzán and F. Javier García de Abajo and Odile Stéphan and Mathieu Kociak},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04659},

doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04659},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

urldate = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Nano Letters},

volume = {20},

number = {5},

pages = {2973-2979},

abstract = {Atomic vibrations and phonons are an excellent source of information on nanomaterials that we can access through a variety of methods including Raman scattering, infrared spectroscopy, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). In the presence of a plasmon local field, vibrations are strongly modified and, in particular, their dipolar strengths are highly enhanced, thus rendering Raman scattering and infrared spectroscopy extremely sensitive techniques. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that the interaction between a relativistic electron and vibrational modes in nanostructures is fundamentally modified in the presence of plasmons. We finely tune the energy of surface plasmons in metallic nanowires in the vicinity of hexagonal boron nitride, making it possible to monitor and disentangle both strong phonon–plasmon coupling and plasmon-driven phonon enhancement at the nanometer scale. Because of the near-field character of the electron beam–phonon interaction, optically inactive phonon modes are also observed. Besides increasing our understanding of phonon physics, our results hold great potential for investigating sensing mechanisms and chemistry in complex nanomaterials down to the molecular level.},

note = {PMID: 31967839},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{<LineBreak>doi:10.1073/pnas.1917125117,

title = {Acoustofluidic sonoporation for gene delivery to human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells},

author = {Jason N. Belling and Liv K. Heidenreich and Zhenhua Tian and Alexandra M. Mendoza and Tzu-Ting Chiou and Yao Gong and Natalie Y. Chen and Thomas D. Young and Natcha Wattanatorn and Jae Hyeon Park and Leonardo Scarabelli and Naihao Chiang and Jack Takahashi and Stephen G. Young and Adam Z. Stieg and Satiro De Oliveira and Tony Jun Huang and Paul S. Weiss and Steven J. Jonas},

url = {https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.1917125117},

doi = {10.1073/pnas.1917125117},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

urldate = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},

volume = {117},

number = {20},

pages = {10976-10982},

abstract = {Commercial strategies to deliver biomolecular cargo ex vivo (e.g., electroporation, lipofection) to clinically relevant cell lines are limited by toxicity, cost, and throughput. These technical limitations have inhibited development of these technologies into streamlined clinical platforms for manufacturing gene-modified stem cells and cancer immunotherapies. Here, we demonstrate an acoustofluidic platform capable of delivering plasmids with high throughput to human T lymphocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Acoustofluidic-treated cells showed evidence of cytosolic DNA delivery, endocytic DNA aggregation, and nuclear membrane rupture. Collectively, these observations demonstrate the utility of this method as a research tool for gene editing applications and mechanistic studies of plasma membrane and nuclear membrane repair. Advances in gene editing are leading to new medical interventions where patients’ own cells are used for stem cell therapies and immunotherapies. One of the key limitations to translating these treatments to the clinic is the need for scalable technologies for engineering cells efficiently and safely. Toward this goal, microfluidic strategies to induce membrane pores and permeability have emerged as promising techniques to deliver biomolecular cargo into cells. As these technologies continue to mature, there is a need to achieve efficient, safe, nontoxic, fast, and economical processing of clinically relevant cell types. We demonstrate an acoustofluidic sonoporation method to deliver plasmids to immortalized and primary human cell types, based on pore formation and permeabilization of cell membranes with acoustic waves. This acoustofluidic-mediated approach achieves fast and efficient intracellular delivery of an enhanced green fluorescent protein-expressing plasmid to cells at a scalable throughput of 200,000 cells/min in a single channel. Analyses of intracellular delivery and nuclear membrane rupture revealed mechanisms underlying acoustofluidic delivery and successful gene expression. Our studies show that acoustofluidic technologies are promising platforms for gene delivery and a useful tool for investigating membrane repair.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03574,

title = {Formation of Hollow Gold Nanocrystals by Nanosecond Laser Irradiation},

author = {Guillermo González-Rubio and Thais Milagres de Oliveira and Wiebke Albrecht and Pablo Díaz-Núñez and Juan Carlos Castro-Palacio and Alejandro Prada and Rafael I. González and Leonardo Scarabelli and Luis Bañares and Antonio Rivera and Luis M. Liz-Marzán and Ovidio Peña-Rodríguez and Sara Bals and Andrés Guerrero-Martínez},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03574},

doi = {10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03574},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

urldate = {2020-01-01},

journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters},

volume = {11},

number = {3},

pages = {670-677},

abstract = {The irradiation of spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with nanosecond laser pulses induces shape transformations yielding nanocrystals with an inner cavity. The concentration of the stabilizing surfactant, the use of moderate pulse fluences, and the size of the irradiated AuNPs determine the efficiency of the process and the nature of the void. Hollow nanocrystals are obtained when molecules from the surrounding medium (e.g., water and organic matter derived from the surfactant) are trapped during laser pulse irradiation. These experimental observations suggest the existence of a subtle balance between the heating and cooling processes experienced by the nanocrystals, which induce their expansion and subsequent recrystallization keeping exogenous matter inside. The described approach provides valuable insight into the mechanism of interaction of a pulsed nanosecond laser with AuNPs, along with interesting prospects for the development of hollow plasmonic nanoparticles with potential applications related to gas and liquid storage at the nanoscale.},

note = {PMID: 31905285},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{https://doi.org/10.1002/cnma.201900754,

title = {Surfactant-Assisted Symmetry Breaking in Colloidal Gold Nanocrystal Growth},

author = {Guillermo González-Rubio and Leonardo Scarabelli and Andrés Guerrero-Martínez and Luis M. Liz-Marzán},

url = {https://aces.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cnma.201900754},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/cnma.201900754},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

urldate = {2020-01-01},

journal = {ChemNanoMat},

volume = {6},

number = {5},

pages = {698-707},

abstract = {Abstract Colloidal anisotropic gold nanocrystals play a central role in the field of plasmonics owing to their tunable optical activity across a wide spectral range. However, achieving sufficient optical quality for practical implementation requires advanced synthetic protocols yielding gold nanocrystals with the desired morphology and plasmonic properties. This Minireview focuses on a fundamental step during the growth of anisotropic nanocrystals, namely symmetry breaking. In connection with thermodynamic and kinetic control of nanocrystal growth, we discuss the complex interplay between the role of seed morphology and that of surfactants, shape-directing additives and reducing agents. We revisit some iconic syntheses of anisotropic gold nanoparticles, including nanorods, nanotriangles, and nanobipyramids. Finally, we analyze the use of co-surfactants as an emerging strategy to disconnect the symmetry breaking event from the anisotropic growth process, overcoming current limitations in the synthesis of anisotropic gold nanocrystals.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Nanoelectrode-emitter spectral overlap amplifies surface enhanced electrogenerated chemiluminescence},

author = {Thomas S. Heiderscheit and Miranda J. Gallagher and Rashad Baiyasi and Sean S. E. Collins and Seyyed Ali Hosseini Jebeli and Leonardo Scarabelli and Alexander Al-Zubeidi and Charlotte Flatebo and Wei-Shun Chang and Christy F. Landes and Stephan Link},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5118669},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-10-14},

urldate = {2019-10-14},

journal = {The Journal of Chemical Physics},

volume = {151},

number = {14},

issue = {October},

pages = {144712},

abstract = {Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) is a promising technique for low concentration molecular detection. To improve the detection limit, plasmonic nanoparticles have been proposed as signal boosting antennas to amplify ECL. Previous ensemble studies have hinted that spectral overlap between the nanoparticle antenna and the ECL emitter may play a role in signal enhancement. Ensemble spectroscopy, however, cannot resolve heterogeneities arising from colloidal nanoparticle size and shape distributions, leading to an incomplete picture of the impact of spectral overlap. Here, we isolate the effect of nanoparticle-emitter spectral overlap for a model ECL system, coreaction of tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)dichlororuthenium(ii) hexahydrate and tripropylamine, at the single-particle level while minimizing other factors influencing ECL intensities. We found a 10-fold enhancement of ECL among 952 gold nanoparticles. This signal enhancement is attributed exclusively to spectral overlap between the nanoparticle and the emitter. Our study provides new mechanistic insight into plasmonic enhancement of ECL, creating opportunities for low concentration ECL sensing.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201900982,

title = {Dark-Exciton-Mediated Fano Resonance from a Single Gold Nanostructure on Monolayer WS2 at Room Temperature},

author = {Mingsong Wang and Zilong Wu and Alex Krasnok and Tianyi Zhang and Mingzu Liu and He Liu and Leonardo Scarabelli and Jie Fang and Luis M. Liz-Marzán and Mauricio Terrones and Andrea Alù and Yuebing Zheng},

url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/smll.201900982},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201900982},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

urldate = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Small},

volume = {15},

number = {31},

pages = {1900982},

abstract = {Abstract Strong spatial confinement and highly reduced dielectric screening provide monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides with strong many-body effects, thereby possessing optically forbidden excitonic states (i.e., dark excitons) at room temperature. Herein, the interaction of surface plasmons with dark excitons in hybrid systems consisting of stacked gold nanotriangles and monolayer WS2 is explored. A narrow Fano resonance is observed when the hybrid system is surrounded by water, and the narrowing of the spectral Fano linewidth is attributed to the plasmon-enhanced decay of dark K-K excitons. These results reveal that dark excitons in monolayer WS2 can strongly modify Fano resonances in hybrid plasmon–exciton systems and can be harnessed for novel optical sensors and active nanophotonic devices.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201809071,

title = {Encapsulation of Noble Metal Nanoparticles through Seeded Emulsion Polymerization as Highly Stable Plasmonic Systems},

author = {Leonardo Scarabelli and Marius Schumacher and Dorleta Jimenez de Aberasturi and Jan-Philip Merkl and Malou Henriksen-Lacey and Thais Milagres de Oliveira and Marcus Janschel and Christian Schmidtke and Sara Bals and Horst Weller and Luis M. Liz-Marzán},

url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/adfm.201809071},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201809071},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

urldate = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Advanced Functional Materials},

volume = {29},

number = {14},

pages = {1809071},

abstract = {Abstract The implementation of plasmonic nanoparticles in vivo remains hindered by important limitations such as biocompatibility, solubility in biological fluids, and physiological stability. A general and versatile protocol is presented, based on seeded emulsion polymerization, for the controlled encapsulation of gold and silver nanoparticles. This procedure enables the encapsulation of single nanoparticles as well as nanoparticle clusters inside a protecting polymer shell. Specifically, the efficient coating of nanoparticles of both metals is demonstrated, with final dimensions ranging between 50 and 200 nm, i.e., sizes of interest for bio-applications. Such hybrid nanocomposites display extraordinary stability in high ionic strength and oxidizing environments, along with high cellular uptake, and low cytotoxicity. Overall, the prepared nanostructures are promising candidates for plasmonic applications under biologically relevant conditions.},

note = {Corresponding author},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{https://doi.org/10.1002/open.201900082,

title = {Robust Synthesis of Gold Nanotriangles and their Self-Assembly into Vertical Arrays},

author = {Piotr Szustakiewicz and Guillermo González-Rubio and Leonardo Scarabelli and Wiktor Lewandowski},

url = {https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/open.201900082},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/open.201900082},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

urldate = {2019-01-01},

journal = {ChemistryOpen},

volume = {8},

number = {6},

pages = {705-711},

abstract = {Abstract We report an efficient, seed-mediated method for the synthesis of gold nanotriangles (NTs) which can be used for controlled self-assembly. The main advantage of the proposed synthetic protocol is that it relies on using stable (over the course of several days) intermediate seeds. This stability translates into increasing time efficiency of the synthesis and makes the protocol experimentally less demanding (‘fast addition’ not required, tap water can be used in the final steps) as compared to previously reported procedures, without compromising the size and shape monodispersity of the product. We demonstrate high reproducibility of the protocol in the hands of different researchers and in different laboratories. Additionally, this modified seed-mediated method can be used to produce NTs with edge lengths between ca. 45 and 150 nm. Finally, the high ‘quality’ of NTs allows the preparation of long-range ordered assemblies with vertically oriented building blocks, which makes them promising candidates for future optoelectronic technologies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Monolayer and thin h–BN as substrates for electron spectro-microscopy analysis of plasmonic nanoparticles},

author = {Luiz Henrique Galvão Tizei and Hugo Lourenço-Martins and Pabitra Das and Steffi Y. Woo and Leonardo Scarabelli and Christoph Hanske and Luis M. Liz-Marzán and Kenji Watanabe and Takashi Taniguchi and Mathieu Kociak

},

url = {https://pubs.aip.org/aip/apl/article-abstract/113/23/231108/36390/Monolayer-and-thin-h-BN-as-substrates-for-electron?redirectedFrom=fulltext},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5054751},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-12-03},

urldate = {2018-12-03},

journal = { Applied Physics Letters },

volume = {113},

issue = {23},

pages = {231108},

abstract = {The influence of four substrates [thin Si3N4, few-layer graphene (FLG), thin h–BN, and monolayer h–BN] on plasmon resonances of metallic nanoparticles was studied using electron energy loss spectroscopy. The h–BN monolayer is an excellent substrate for the study of plasmonic particles due to its large bandgap, negligible charging under electron irradiation, and negligible influence on the plasmon resonance full width at half maximum and peak positions. These effects were evidenced in experiments with gold nanotriangles focusing on dipolar modes. Nanotriangles on h–BN exhibit the lowest influence from the substrate compared to Si3N4 and FLG. In a dataset containing 23 triangles of similar sizes, the dipolar mode was found to have smaller redshifts, sharper peak widths, and higher resonance quality factors on h–BN, showing that it has nearly no effect on the plasmon absorption properties, provided that it is free from carbon contamination. However, light emission (cathodoluminescence) decreases as a function of electron irradiation for triangles on h–BN, even though the electron energy loss signal stays unchanged. This indicates the creation of non-radiative decay channels.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Opto-thermoelectric nanotweezers},

author = {Linhan Lin and Mingsong Wang and Xiaolei Peng and Emanuel N. Lissek and Zhangming Mao and Leonardo Scarabelli and Emily Adkins and Sahin Coskun and Husnu Emrah Unalan and Brian A. Korgel and Luis M. Liz-Marzán and Ernst-Ludwig Florin and Yuebing Zheng},

url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41566-018-0134-3#citeas},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-018-0134-3},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-03-26},

urldate = {2018-03-26},

journal = {Nature Photonics},

volume = {12},

pages = {195–201},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Scarabelli+2018+1393+1407,

title = {Recent advances in the rational synthesis and self-assembly of anisotropic plasmonic nanoparticles},

author = {Leonardo Scarabelli},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0510},

doi = {doi:10.1515/pac-2018-0510},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

urldate = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Pure and Applied Chemistry},

volume = {90},

number = {9},

pages = {1393–1407},

abstract = {The field of plasmonics has grown at an incredible pace in the last couple of decades, and the synthesis and self-assembly of anisotropic plasmonic materials remains highly dynamic. The engineering of nanoparticle optical and electronic properties has resulted in important consequences for several scientific fields, including energy, medicine, biosensing, and electronics. However, the full potential of plasmonics has not yet been realized due to crucial challenges that remain in the field. In particular, the development of nanoparticles with new plasmonic properties and surface chemistries could enable the rational design of more complex architectures capable of performing advanced functions, like cascade reactions, energy conversion, or signal transduction. The scope of this short review is to highlight the most recent developments in the synthesis and self-assembly of anisotropic metal nanoparticles, which are capable of bringing forward the next generation of plasmonic materials.},

note = {Corresponding author},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201705779,

title = {Tunable Fano Resonance and Plasmon–Exciton Coupling in Single Au Nanotriangles on Monolayer WS2 at Room Temperature},

author = {Mingsong Wang and Alex Krasnok and Tianyi Zhang and Leonardo Scarabelli and He Liu and Zilong Wu and Luis M. Liz-Marzán and Mauricio Terrones and Andrea Alù and Yuebing Zheng},

url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/adma.201705779},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201705779},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

urldate = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Advanced Materials},

volume = {30},

number = {22},

pages = {1705779},

abstract = {Abstract Tunable Fano resonances and plasmon–exciton coupling are demonstrated at room temperature in hybrid systems consisting of single plasmonic nanoparticles deposited on top of the transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers. By using single Au nanotriangles (AuNTs) on monolayer WS2 as model systems, Fano resonances are observed from the interference between a discrete exciton band of monolayer WS2 and a broadband plasmonic mode of single AuNTs. The Fano lineshape depends on the exciton binding energy and the localized surface plasmon resonance strength, which can be tuned by the dielectric constant of surrounding solvents and AuNT size, respectively. Moreover, a transition from weak to strong plasmon–exciton coupling with Rabi splitting energies of 100–340 meV is observed by rationally changing the surrounding solvents. With their tunable plasmon–exciton interactions, the proposed WS2–AuNT hybrids can open new pathways to develop active nanophotonic devices.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b08428,

title = {Environmental Symmetry Breaking Promotes Plasmon Mode Splitting in Gold Nanotriangles},

author = {Kyle W. Smith and Jian Yang and Taylor Hernandez and Dayne F. Swearer and Leonardo Scarabelli and Hui Zhang and Hangqi Zhao and Nicholas A. Moringo and Wei-Shun Chang and Luis M. Liz-Marzán and Emilie Ringe and Peter Nordlander and Stephan Link},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b08428},

doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b08428},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

urldate = {2018-01-01},

journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry C},

volume = {122},

number = {25},

pages = {13259-13266},

abstract = {We report a single particle investigation of the polarized scattering spectra of individual Au nanotriangles (NTs) of the truncated bifrustrum type. We unexpectedly observed a wide diversity in the scattering spectra from a population of NTs with low shape polydispersity. Correlation of the optical measurements with electron microscopy revealed that the different optical responses were not due to distinct NT shapes. Rather, finite element simulations revealed that distinct polarized spectra originated from minute changes in the inclination of the NTs on the substrate. NT inclination resulted in asymmetric image charge formation in the substrate, thus, breaking the degeneracy of the modes supported by the NTs. The degeneracy of the NT modes was extremely sensitive to such symmetry breaking, with inclination angles as small as 2°, producing clearly resolved, nondegenerate, and orthogonally polarized plasmon modes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201701763,

title = {Controlling Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorescence via Intersystem Crossing in Photoswitchable Molecules},

author = {Mingsong Wang and Gregory Hartmann and Zilong Wu and Leonardo Scarabelli and Bharath Bangalore Rajeeva and Jeremy W. Jarrett and Evan P. Perillo and Andrew K. Dunn and Luis M. Liz-Marzán and Gyeong S. Hwang and Yuebing Zheng},

url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/smll.201701763},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201701763},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-08-21},

urldate = {2017-08-21},

journal = {Small},

volume = {13},

number = {38},

pages = {1701763},

abstract = {By harnessing photoswitchable intersystem crossing (ISC) in spiropyran (SP) molecules, active control of plasmon-enhanced fluorescence in the hybrid systems of SP molecules and plasmonic nanostructures is achieved. Specifically, SP-derived merocyanine (MC) molecules formed by photochemical ring-opening reaction display efficient ISC due to their zwitterionic character. In contrast, ISC in quinoidal MC molecules formed by thermal ring-opening reaction is negligible. The high ISC rate can improve fluorescence quantum yield of the plasmon-modified spontaneous emission, only when the plasmonic electromagnetic field enhancement is sufficiently high. Along this line, extensive photomodulation of fluorescence is demonstrated by switching the ISC in MC molecules at Au nanoparticle aggregates, where strongly enhanced plasmonic hot spots exist. The ISC-mediated plasmon-enhanced fluorescence represents a new approach toward controlling the spontaneous emission of fluorophores near plasmonic nanostructures, which expands the applications of active molecular plasmonics in information processing, biosensing, and bioimaging.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{C7CC06854A,

title = {Disentangling the effect of seed size and crystal habit on gold nanoparticle seeded growth},

author = {Guillermo González-Rubio and Thais Milagres Oliveira and Thomas Altantzis and Andrea La Porta and Andrés Guerrero-Martínez and Sara Bals and Leonardo Scarabelli and Luis. M. Liz-Marzán},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C7CC06854A},

doi = {10.1039/C7CC06854A},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

urldate = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Chem. Commun.},

volume = {53},

issue = {82},

pages = {11360-11363},

publisher = {The Royal Society of Chemistry},

abstract = {Oxidative etching was used to produce gold seeds of different sizes and crystal habits. Following detailed characterization, the seeds were grown under different conditions. Our results bring new insights toward understanding the effect of size and crystallinity on the growth of anisotropic particles, whilst identifying guidelines for the optimisation of new synthetic protocols of predesigned seeds.},

note = {Corresponding author},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{C7FD00162B,

title = {Monitoring plasmon coupling and SERS enhancement through in situ nanoparticle spacing modulation},

author = {L. Velleman and L. Scarabelli and D. Sikdar and A. A. Kornyshev and L. M. Liz-Marzán and J. B. Edel},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C7FD00162B},

doi = {10.1039/C7FD00162B},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

urldate = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Faraday Discuss.},

volume = {205},

issue = {0},

pages = {67-83},

publisher = {The Royal Society of Chemistry},

abstract = {Self-assembled nanoparticle (NP) arrays at liquid interfaces provide a unique optical response which has opened the door to new tuneable metamaterials for sensing and optical applications. NPs can spontaneously assemble at a liquid–liquid interface, forming an ordered, self-healing, low-defect 2D film. The close proximity of the NPs at the interface results in collective plasmonic modes with a spectral response dependent on the distance between the NPs and induces large field enhancements within the gaps. In this study, we assembled spherical and rod-shaped gold NPs with the aim of improving our understanding of NP assembly processes at liquid interfaces, working towards finely controlling their structure and producing tailored optical and enhanced Raman signals. We systematically tuned the assembly and spacing between NPs through increasing or decreasing the degree of electrostatic screening with the addition of electrolyte or pH adjustment. The in situ modulation of the nanoparticle position on the same sample allowed us to monitor plasmon coupling and the resulting SERS enhancement processes in real time, with sub-nm precision.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{C7NR03909C,

title = {Plasmon–trion and plasmon–exciton resonance energy transfer from a single plasmonic nanoparticle to monolayer MoS2},

author = {Mingsong Wang and Wei Li and Leonardo Scarabelli and Bharath Bangalore Rajeeva and Mauricio Terrones and Luis M. Liz-Marzán and Deji Akinwande and Yuebing Zheng},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C7NR03909C},

doi = {10.1039/C7NR03909C},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

urldate = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Nanoscale},

volume = {9},

issue = {37},

pages = {13947-13955},

publisher = {The Royal Society of Chemistry},

abstract = {Resonance energy transfer (RET) from plasmonic metal nanoparticles (NPs) to two-dimensional (2D) materials enhances the performance of 2D optoelectronic devices and sensors. Herein, single-NP scattering spectroscopy is employed to investigate plasmon–trion and plasmon–exciton RET from single Au nanotriangles (AuNTs) to monolayer MoS2, at room temperature. The large quantum confinement and reduced dielectric screening in monolayer MoS2 facilitates efficient RET between single plasmonic metal NPs and the monolayer. Because of the large exciton binding energy of monolayer MoS2, charged excitons (i.e., trions) are observed at room temperature, which enable us to study the plasmon–trion interactions under ambient conditions. Tuning of plasmon–trion and plasmon–exciton RET is further achieved by controlling the dielectric constant of the medium surrounding the AuNT–MoS2 hybrids. Our observation of switchable plasmon–trion and plasmon–exciton RET inspires new applications of the hybrids of 2D materials and metal nanoparticles.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b02439,

title = {Design and Fabrication of Plasmonic Nanomaterials Based on Gold Nanorod Supercrystals},

author = {Leonardo Scarabelli and Cyrille Hamon and Luis M. Liz-Marzán},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b02439},

doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b02439},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

urldate = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Chemistry of Materials},

volume = {29},

number = {1},

pages = {15-25},

abstract = {We describe in this review our approach toward the rational development of functional nanomaterials (or nanodevices). In particular, we focus on a current “study case” that we believe represents a good example. Practical and technical details will play a central role in the manuscript, but the reader will be referred to the original publications for a complete description of methods and materials characterization. In our view, this example comprises methodologies and experimental pros and cons that can be applied to other projects.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Detection and imaging of quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm communities by surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering},

author = {Gustavo Bodelón and Verónica Montes-García and Vanesa López-Puente and Eric H. Hill and Cyrille Hamon and Marta N. Sanz-Ortiz and Sergio Rodal-Cedeira and Celina Costas and Sirin Celiksoy and Ignacio Pérez-Juste and Leonardo Scarabelli and Andrea La Porta and Jorge Pérez-Juste and Isabel Pastoriza-Santos and Luis M. Liz-Marzán},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4720},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-08-08},

urldate = {2016-08-08},

journal = {Nature Materials},

volume = {15},

pages = {1203–1211},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{C6FD90051H,

title = {Applications: general discussion},

author = {Alberto Striolo and Francois Sicard and Luis Liz-Marzán and Catherine Murphy and Anna Roig and Axel Mueller and Javier Reguera and Yu Zhou and Mathias Brust and Leonardo Scarabelli and Luciano Tadiello and Antoine Thill and Irene Yarovsky and Martin Mayer and M. Arturo López-Quintela and Christian Kuttner and Estefania Gonzalez Solveyra and Heiko Wolf and Euan Kay and Lucia Pasquato and David Buceta and David Portehault and Hedi Mattoussi and Guillermo González and Roland Faller and David French and Benjamin Abécassis and Molly Stevens and Younan Xia and Richard Jones and Marcin Grzelczak and Matthew Penna and Calum Drummond},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C6FD90051H},

doi = {10.1039/C6FD90051H},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

urldate = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Faraday Discuss.},

volume = {191},

issue = {0},

pages = {565-595},

publisher = {The Royal Society of Chemistry},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{C6FD90049F,

title = {Anisotropic nanoparticles: general discussion},

author = {Andrea Castelli and Alberto Striolo and Anna Roig and Catherine Murphy and Javier Reguera and Luis Liz-Marzán and Axel Mueller and Kevin Critchley and Yu Zhou and Mathias Brust and Antoine Thill and Leonardo Scarabelli and Luciano Tadiello and Tobias A. F. König and Beate Reiser and M. Arturo López-Quintela and Martin Buzza and András Deák and Christian Kuttner and Estefania Gonzalez Solveyra and Lucia Pasquato and David Portehault and Hedi Mattoussi and Nicholas A. Kotov and Eugenia Kumacheva and Kelley Heatley and Julian Bergueiro and Guillermo González and Wenming Tong and Muhammad Nawaz Tahir and Benjamin Abécassis and Oscar Rojas-Carrillo and Younan Xia and Martin Mayer and Davide Peddis},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C6FD90049F},

doi = {10.1039/C6FD90049F},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

urldate = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Faraday Discuss.},

volume = {191},

issue = {0},

pages = {229-254},

publisher = {The Royal Society of Chemistry},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{C6NR00712K,

title = {Hierarchical organization and molecular diffusion in gold nanorod/silica supercrystal nanocomposites},

author = {Cyrille Hamon and Marta N. Sanz-Ortiz and Evgeny Modin and Eric H. Hill and Leonardo Scarabelli and Andrey Chuvilin and Luis M. Liz-Marzán},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C6NR00712K},

doi = {10.1039/C6NR00712K},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

urldate = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Nanoscale},

volume = {8},

issue = {15},

pages = {7914-7922},

publisher = {The Royal Society of Chemistry},

abstract = {Hierarchical organization of gold nanorods was previously obtained on a substrate, allowing precise control over the morphology of the assemblies and macroscale spatial arrangement. Herein, a thorough description of these gold nanorod assemblies and their orientation within supercrystals is presented together with a sol–gel technique to protect the supercrystals with mesoporous silica films. The internal organization of the nanorods in the supercrystals was characterized by combining focused ion beam ablation and scanning electron microscopy. A mesoporous silica layer is grown both over the supercrystals and between the individual lamellae of gold nanorods inside the structure. This not only prevented the detachment of the supercrystal from the substrate in water, but also allowed small molecule analytes to infiltrate the structure. These nanocomposite substrates show superior Raman enhancement in comparison with gold supercrystals without silica owing to improved accessibility of the plasmonic hot spots to analytes. The patterned supercrystal arrays with enhanced optical and mechanical properties obtained in this work show potential for the practical implementation of nanostructured devices in spatially resolved ultradetection of biomarkers and other analytes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{C6FD90048H,

title = {Janus and patchy nanoparticles: general discussion},

author = {Alberto Striolo and Jongwook Kim and Luis Liz-Marzán and Luciano Tadiello and Matthias Pauly and Catherine Murphy and Anna Roig and David Gracias and Younan Xia and Javier Reguera and Axel Mueller and Kevin Critchley and Mathias Brust and Leonardo Scarabelli and Martin Mayer and Matthias Thiele and Martin Buzza and András Deák and Ana Maria Bago Rodriguez and Christian Kuttner and Heiko Wolf and Euan Kay and Antonio Stocco and David Portehault and Hedi Mattoussi and Kelley Heatley and Eugenia Kumacheva and Guillermo González and Christoph Hanske and Wenming Tong and Muhammad Nawaz Tahir and Benjamin Abécassis and Steve Granick and Etienne Duguet and Alla Synytska and Krassimir Velikov},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C6FD90048H},

doi = {10.1039/C6FD90048H},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

urldate = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Faraday Discuss.},

volume = {191},

issue = {0},

pages = {117-139},

publisher = {The Royal Society of Chemistry},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{doi:10.1021/acsnano.6b05486,

title = {Light-Directed Reversible Assembly of Plasmonic Nanoparticles Using Plasmon-Enhanced Thermophoresis},

author = {Linhan Lin and Xiaolei Peng and Mingsong Wang and Leonardo Scarabelli and Zhangming Mao and Luis M. Liz-Marzán and Michael F. Becker and Yuebing Zheng},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b05486},

doi = {10.1021/acsnano.6b05486},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

urldate = {2016-01-01},

journal = {ACS Nano},

volume = {10},

number = {10},

pages = {9659-9668},

abstract = {Reversible assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles can be used to modulate their structural, electrical, and optical properties. Common and versatile tools in nanoparticle manipulation and assembly are optical tweezers, but these require tightly focused and high-power (10–100 mW/μm2) laser beams with precise optical alignment, which significantly hinders their applications. Here we present light-directed reversible assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles with a power intensity below 0.1 mW/μm2. Our experiments and simulations reveal that such a low-power assembly is enabled by thermophoretic migration of nanoparticles due to the plasmon-enhanced photothermal effect and the associated enhanced local electric field over a plasmonic substrate. With software-controlled laser beams, we demonstrate parallel and dynamic manipulation of multiple nanoparticle assemblies. Interestingly, the assemblies formed over plasmonic substrates can be subsequently transported to nonplasmonic substrates. As an example application, we selected surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy, with tunable sensitivity. The advantages provided by plasmonic assembly of nanoparticles are the following: (1) low-power, reversible nanoparticle assembly, (2) applicability to nanoparticles with arbitrary morphology, and (3) use of simple optics. Our plasmon-enhanced thermophoretic technique will facilitate further development and application of dynamic nanoparticle assemblies, including biomolecular analyses in their native environment and smart drug delivery.},

note = {PMID: 27640212},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b04205,

title = {Molecular-Fluorescence Enhancement via Blue-Shifted Plasmon-Induced Resonance Energy Transfer},

author = {Mingsong Wang and Bharath Bangalore Rajeeva and Leonardo Scarabelli and Evan P. Perillo and Andrew K. Dunn and Luis M. Liz-Marzán and Yuebing Zheng},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b04205},

doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b04205},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

urldate = {2016-01-01},

journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry C},

volume = {120},

number = {27},

pages = {14820-14827},

abstract = {We report molecular-fluorescence enhancement via the blue-shifted plasmon-induced resonance energy transfer (PIRET) from single Au nanorods (AuNRs) to merocyanine (MC) dye molecules. The blue-shifted PIRET occurs when there is a proper spectral overlap between the scattering of AuNRs and the absorption of MC molecules. Along with the quenching of scattering from AuNRs, the blue-shifted PIRET enhances the fluorescence of nearby molecules. On the basis of the fluorescence enhancement, we conclude that AuNRs can be used as donors with clear advantages to excite the fluorescence of molecules as acceptors in AuNR–molecule hybrids. On the one hand, compared to conventional molecular donors in Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), AuNRs have much larger absorption cross sections at the plasmon resonance frequencies. On the other hand, energy-transfer efficiency of PIRET decreases at a lower rate than that of FRET when the donor–acceptor distance is increased. Besides, the blue-shifted PIRET allows excitation with incident light of lower energy than the acceptor’s absorption, which is difficult to achieve in FRET because of the Stokes shift. With the capability of enhancing molecular fluorescence with excitation light of low intensity and long wavelength, the blue-shifted PIRET will expand the applications of nanoparticle–molecule hybrids in biosensing and bioimaging by increasing signal-to-noise ratio and by reducing photodamage to biological cells and organelles at the targeted areas.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{C6FD90050J,

title = {Particles at interfaces: general discussion},

author = {Alberto Striolo and Jongwook Kim and Catherine Murphy and Luis Liz-Marzán and Joerg Lahann and Javier Reguera and Yu Zhou and Mathias Brust and Antoine Thill and Leonardo Scarabelli and Tobias A. F. König and Martin Buzza and Christian Kuttner and Estefania Gonzalez Solveyra and Heiko Wolf and Jan Vermant and Matthias Pauly and Andrew Harvie and Lucia Pasquato and Antonio Stocco and Hedi Mattoussi and Eugenia Kumacheva and Kelley Heatley and Christoph Hanske and Roland Faller and David French and Andrei Honciuc and Bernard Binks and Francois Sicard},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C6FD90050J},

doi = {10.1039/C6FD90050J},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

urldate = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Faraday Discuss.},

volume = {191},

issue = {0},

pages = {407-434},

publisher = {The Royal Society of Chemistry},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201602225,

title = {Tunable Nanoparticle and Cell Assembly Using Combined Self-Powered Microfluidics and Microcontact Printing},

author = {Cyrille Hamon and Malou Henriksen-Lacey and Andrea La Porta and Melania Rosique and Judith Langer and Leonardo Scarabelli and Ana Belén Serrano Montes and Guillermo González-Rubio and Marian M. Pancorbo and Luis M. Liz-Marzán and Lourdes Basabe-Desmonts},

url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/adfm.201602225},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201602225},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

urldate = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Advanced Functional Materials},

volume = {26},

number = {44},

pages = {8053-8061},

abstract = {The combination of cell microenvironment control and real-time monitoring of cell signaling events can provide key biological information. Through precise multipatterning of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) around cells, sensing and actuating elements can be introduced in the cells' microenviroment, providing a powerful substrate for cell studies. In this work, a combination of techniques are implemented to engineer complex substrates for cell studies. Alternating GNPs and bioactive areas are created with micrometer separation by means of a combination of vacumm soft-lithography of GNPs and protein microcontract printing. Instead of conventional microfluidics that need syringe pumps to flow liquid in the microchannels, degas driven flow is used to fill dead-end channels with GNP solutions, rendering the fabrication process straightforward and accessible. This new combined technique is called Printing and Vacuum lithography (PnV lithography). By using different GNPs with various organic coating ligands, different macroscale patterns are obtained, such as wires, supercrystals, and uniformly spread nanoparticle layers that can find different applications depending on the need of the user. The application of the system is tested to pattern a range of mammalian cell lines and obtain readouts on cell viability, cell morphology, and the presence of cell adhesive proteins.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Regioselective Localization and Tracking of Biomolecules on Single Gold Nanoparticles},

author = {Bharath Bangalore Rajeeva and Derek S. Hernandez and Mingsong Wang and Evan Perillo and Linhan Lin and Leonardo Scarabelli and Bharadwaj Pingali and Luis M. Liz‐Marzán and and Andrew K. Dunn and Jason B. Shear and Yuebing Zheng},

doi = {10.1002/advs.201500232},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-09-28},

urldate = {2015-09-28},

journal = {Advanced Science},

volume = {2},

number = {11},

pages = {1500232},

abstract = {Selective localization of biomolecules at the hot spots of a plasmonic nanoparticle is an attractive strategy to exploit the light–matter interaction due to the high field concentration. Current approaches for hot spot targeting are time‐consuming and involve prior knowledge of the hot spots. Multiphoton plasmonic lithography is employed to rapidly immobilize bovine serum albumin (BSA) hydrogel at the hot spot tips of a single gold nanotriangle (AuNT). Regioselectivity and quantity control by manipulating the polarization and intensity of the incident laser are also established. Single AuNTs are tracked using dark‐field scattering spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy to characterize the regioselective process. Fluorescence lifetime measurements further confirm BSA immobilization on the AuNTs. Here, the AuNT‐BSA hydrogel complexes, in conjunction with single‐particle optical monitoring, can act as a framework for understanding light–molecule interactions at the subnanoparticle level and has potential applications in biophotonics, nanomedicine, and life sciences.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01838,

title = {A General Method for Solvent Exchange of Plasmonic Nanoparticles and Self-Assembly into SERS-Active Monolayers},

author = {Ana B. Serrano-Montes and Dorleta Jimenez de Aberasturi and Judith Langer and Juan J. Giner-Casares and Leonardo Scarabelli and Ada Herrero and Luis M. Liz-Marzán},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01838},

doi = {10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01838},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

urldate = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Langmuir},

volume = {31},

number = {33},

pages = {9205-9213},

abstract = {We present a general route for the transfer of Au and Ag nanoparticles of different shapes and sizes, from water into various organic solvents. The experimental conditions for each type of nanoparticles were optimized by using a combination of thiolated poly(ethylene glycol) and a hydrophobic capping agent, such as dodecanethiol. The functionalized nanoparticles were readily transferred into organic dispersions with long-term stability (months). Such organic dispersions efficiently spread out on water, leading to self-assembly at the air/liquid interface into extended nanoparticle arrays which could in turn be transferred onto solid substrates. The dense close packing in the obtained nanoparticle monolayers results in extensive plasmon coupling, rendering them efficient substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy.},

note = {PMID: 26258732},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02123,

title = {A “Tips and Tricks” Practical Guide to the Synthesis of Gold Nanorods},

author = {Leonardo Scarabelli and Ana Sánchez-Iglesias and Jorge Pérez-Juste and Luis M. Liz-Marzán},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02123},

doi = {10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02123},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

urldate = {2015-01-01},

journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters},

volume = {6},

number = {21},

pages = {4270-4279},

note = {PMID: 26538043

Corresponding author},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.5b00369,

title = {Collective Plasmonic Properties in Few-Layer Gold Nanorod Supercrystals},

author = {Cyrille Hamon and Sergey M. Novikov and Leonardo Scarabelli and Diego M. Solís and Thomas Altantzis and Sara Bals and José M. Taboada and Fernando Obelleiro and Luis M. Liz-Marzán},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5b00369},

doi = {10.1021/acsphotonics.5b00369},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

urldate = {2015-01-01},

journal = {ACS Photonics},

volume = {2},

number = {10},

pages = {1482-1488},

abstract = {Gold nanorod supercrystals have been widely employed for the detection of relevant bioanalytes with detection limits ranging from nano- to picomolar levels, confirming the promising nature of these structures for biosensing. Even though a relationship between the height of the supercrystal (i.e., the number of stacked nanorod layers) and the enhancement factor has been proposed, no systematic study has been reported. In order to tackle this problem, we prepared gold nanorod supercrystals with varying numbers of stacked layers and analyzed them extensively by atomic force microscopy, electron microscopy and surface enhanced Raman scattering. The experimental results were compared to numerical simulations performed on real-size supercrystals composed of thousands of nanorod building blocks. Analysis of the hot spot distribution in the simulated supercrystals showed the presence of standing waves that were distributed at different depths, depending on the number of layers in each supercrystal. On the basis of these theoretical results, we interpreted the experimental data in terms of analyte penetration into the topmost layer only, which indicates that diffusion to the interior of the supercrystals would be crucial if the complete field enhancement produced by the stacked nanorods is to be exploited. We propose that our conclusions will be of high relevance in the design of next generation plasmonic devices.},

note = {PMID: 27294173},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01833,

title = {Controlled Living Nanowire Growth: Precise Control over the Morphology and Optical Properties of AgAuAg Bimetallic Nanowires},

author = {Martin Mayer and Leonardo Scarabelli and Katia March and Thomas Altantzis and Moritz Tebbe and Mathieu Kociak and Sara Bals and F. Javier García de Abajo and Andreas Fery and Luis M. Liz-Marzán},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01833},

doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01833},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

urldate = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Nano Letters},

volume = {15},

number = {8},

pages = {5427-5437},

abstract = {Inspired by the concept of living polymerization reaction, we are able to produce silver–gold–silver nanowires with a precise control over their total length and plasmonic properties by establishing a constant silver deposition rate on the tips of penta-twinned gold nanorods used as seed cores. Consequently, the length of the wires increases linearly in time. Starting with ∼210 nm × 32 nm gold cores, we produce nanowire lengths up to several microns in a highly controlled manner, with a small self-limited increase in thickness of ∼4 nm, corresponding to aspect ratios above 100, whereas the low polydispersity of the product allows us to detect up to nine distinguishable plasmonic resonances in a single colloidal solution. We analyze the spatial distribution and the nature of the plasmons by electron energy loss spectroscopy and obtain excellent agreement between measurements and electromagnetic simulations, clearly demonstrating that the presence of the gold core plays a marginal role, except for relatively short wires or high-energy modes.},

note = {PMID: 26134470},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{C5FD90041G,

title = {Field-assisted self-assembly process: general discussion},

author = {Yugang Sun and Leonardo Scarabelli and Nicholas Kotov and Moritz Tebbe and Xiao-Min Lin and Ward Brullot and Lucio Isa and Peter Schurtenberger and Helmuth Moehwald and Igor Fedin and Orlin Velev and Damien Faivre and Christopher Sorensen and Régine Perzynski and Munish Chanana and Zhihai Li and Fernando Bresme and Petr Král and Emre Firlar and David Schiffrin and Joao Batista Souza Junior and Andreas Fery and Elena Shevchenko and Ozgur Tarhan and Armand Paul Alivisatos and Sabrina Disch and Rafal Klajn and Suvojit Ghosh},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5FD90041G},

doi = {10.1039/C5FD90041G},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

urldate = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Faraday Discuss.},

volume = {181},

issue = {0},

pages = {463-479},

publisher = {The Royal Society of Chemistry},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{C5FD90050F,

title = {New routes to control nanoparticle synthesis: general discussion},

author = {Javier Reguera and Leonardo Scarabelli and Christophe Petit and Raghavender Siramdas and Heiko Wolf and Munish Chanana and Xiaoying Liu and Matthew Martin and Moritz Tebbe and Xiao-Min Lin and Lucio Isa and Helmuth Moehwald and Peter Schurtenberger and Orlin Velev and Yangwei Liu and Abdel Rahman Abdel Fattah and Ali Bumajdad and Dhanavel Ganeshan and Damien Faivre and Fernando Bresme and Christopher Sorensen and Pablo Guimera Coll and Suvojit Ghosh and Andreas Fery and Fadwa El Haddassi and K. Michael Salerno and Christina Graf and M. Fernanda Cardinal and David Schiffrin and Zhihai Li and Elena Shevchenko and Toshiharu Teranishi and Zhang Shubiao and Dmitri Talapin and A. Paul Alivisatos and Etienne Duguet and Albert Philipse and Emanuela Bianchi and Roman Latsuzbaia},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5FD90050F},

doi = {10.1039/C5FD90050F},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

urldate = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Faraday Discuss.},

volume = {181},

issue = {0},

pages = {147-179},

publisher = {The Royal Society of Chemistry},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}